differentiation medium  (PromoCell)

Journal: Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Article Title: MSC administration resolves experimental acute gout increasing specialized pro-resolving mediators synthesis through a super-induction of prostaglandin E 2

doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04877-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: MSC addition activated COX-2 pathway and EP receptors in THP-1 macrophages and was responsible for the increase in prostaglandin synthesis. A Gene expression of COX-2, PTGES and EP receptors in THP-1 macrophages. B Different prostaglandins levels in MSC-THP-1 co-culture media in the presence or absence of the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. Bars show the mean and SEM. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 vs. Vehicle; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. MSU; $ p < 0.05; $$ p < 0.01; $$$ p < 0.001 vs. MSC; & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 vs. MSU + MSC. COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; PG: prostaglandin; PTGES2: prostaglandin E synthase 2; EP: prostaglandin E 2 receptor

Article Snippet: PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with MSU crystals (Invivogen) in a concentration of 150 μg/mL or vehicle (PBS).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Article Title: MSC administration resolves experimental acute gout increasing specialized pro-resolving mediators synthesis through a super-induction of prostaglandin E 2

doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04877-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: MSC addition induced anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving responses in a COX-2-dependent manner. A Supernatant IL-10, LXA 4 and RvD1 levels from MSC-THP-1 cocultures in the presence or absence of the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 or EP2 plus EP4 antagonists. B Gene expressions of SPM receptors GPR32 and FPR2 in THP-1 derived macrophages in the presence or absence of MSCs in the co-culture. Bars show the mean and SEM. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 vs. Vehicle; # p < 0.05; ### p < 0.001 vs. MSU; $$$ p < 0.001 vs. MSU + MSC. ANT: antagonist; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; EP: prostaglandin E 2 receptor; IL: interleukin; INH: inhibitor; LXA 4 : Lipoxin A4; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; MSU: monosodium urate; Rv: resolvin

Article Snippet: PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with MSU crystals (Invivogen) in a concentration of 150 μg/mL or vehicle (PBS).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Article Title: MSC administration resolves experimental acute gout increasing specialized pro-resolving mediators synthesis through a super-induction of prostaglandin E 2

doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04877-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Protein expressions of LOX − 5, LOX-12 and LOX-15 in THP-1 derived macrophages or MSCs in co-culture after 24 h of incubation. Cells were co-cultured in the conditions described, and then cell extracts were separately recovered. Bars show the mean and SEM. * p < 0.05 vs. Vehicle; # p < 0.05 vs. MSU. B PGE 2 and LXA 4 concentrations in the THP-1-derived macrophages and MSCs co-culture media at different hours of co-culture. Each data point represents the mean and SEM at each time point. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 vs. Vehicle at each time point; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. MSU at each time point; $$ p < 0.01; $$$ p < 0.001 vs. MSC at each time point. PG, prostaglandin; LXA 4 : Lipoxin A4; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; MSU: monosodium urate

Article Snippet: PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with MSU crystals (Invivogen) in a concentration of 150 μg/mL or vehicle (PBS).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Incubation, Cell Culture

Journal: Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Article Title: MSC administration resolves experimental acute gout increasing specialized pro-resolving mediators synthesis through a super-induction of prostaglandin E 2

doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04877-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Percentage of E. coli fluorescent Phrodo particles phagocyted by MSU-stimulated M1 polarized THP-1-derived macrophages after 3 h of culture in the presence or absence of MSCs, and/or the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, and/or the FPR2 antagonist WRW4. B Confocal microscopy images of a representative phagocytosis experiment. C Gene expression of pro-efferocytic markers in M1 polarized THP-1 derived macrophages in the presence or absence of MSCs, and/or the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, and/or the FPR2 antagonist WRW4. D Confocal microscopy images of a representative MerTK immunohistochemistry experiment. E Gene expression of M1 and M2 polarization markers in M1 polarized THP-1-derived macrophages in the presence or absence of MSCs, and/or the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, and/or the FPR2 antagonist WRW4. F Western-blot studies of ARG1 protein synthesis in M1 polarized THP-1-derived macrophages in the presence or absence of MSCs, and/or the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, and/or the FPR2 antagonist WRW4. A representative western-blot is shown. Bars show the mean and SEM. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 vs. Vehicle; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. MSU; $ p < 0.05; $$ p < 0.01; $$$ p < 0.001 vs. MSC; & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 vs. MSU + MSC. ANT, antagonist; ARG, Arginase; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; FPR2: formyl peptide receptor 2; INH, inhibitor; MerTK, Mer Tyrosine Kinase

Article Snippet: PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with MSU crystals (Invivogen) in a concentration of 150 μg/mL or vehicle (PBS).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Confocal Microscopy, Gene Expression, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Journal: Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Article Title: MSC administration resolves experimental acute gout increasing specialized pro-resolving mediators synthesis through a super-induction of prostaglandin E 2

doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04877-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: MSC addition induced anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving responses in a COX-2-dependent manner in M1 polarized-THP-1 derived macrophages. Supernatant IL-1β and RvD1 levels from MSC-THP-1 cocultures in the presence or absence of the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 or the FPR2 antagonist. Bars show the mean and SEM. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 vs. Vehicle; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. MSU; & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 vs. MSU + MSC

Article Snippet: PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with MSU crystals (Invivogen) in a concentration of 150 μg/mL or vehicle (PBS).

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Metabolic interplay between endometrial cancer and tumor-associated macrophages: lactate-induced M2 polarization enhances tumor progression

doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-06235-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: M2 Macrophages Enhance EC Cell Migration and Invasion. A M2 macrophages derived from lactate induction or tumor cells co-culture didn’t affect the proliferation of EC cell lines, HEC-1B and Ishikawa, by CCK8 assay. B , C Cell scratch assay demonstrated significant promotion of EC cell migration by M2 macrophages after 40 h (P < 0.05). D , E Transwell assay revealed increased EC cell invasion across Matrigel with M2 macrophage-conditioned media stimulation after 48 h (P < 0.05). F Comparison of mRNA level of EMT markers, Vimentin, CDH2, CDH1, Snail and Slug, among control, lactate-M0, and TAM three groups by RT-PCR analysis. G , H IF representative images of Vimentin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin in the control, lactate-M0, and TAM three groups ( C ) and the expression of the above EMT markers was higher in EC cells following M2 co-culture. EC: endometrial cancer; EMT: epithelial mesenchymal transition. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns: no significance

Article Snippet: The THP1 cell line was transfected with lentivirus to achieve IL6 knockdown, following the manufacturer's protocol, and stable knockdown cells were selected using puromycin.For M0 macrophage differentiation induction, THP-1 cells at a density of 1*10 6 cells/ml were seeded in 6-well plates stimulated with 100 ng/ml PMA (MCE, #16561-29-8) for 48 h, and then washed with PBS three times after discarding the original culture medium.

Techniques: Migration, Derivative Assay, Co-Culture Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Wound Healing Assay, Transwell Assay, Comparison, Control, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Metabolic interplay between endometrial cancer and tumor-associated macrophages: lactate-induced M2 polarization enhances tumor progression

doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-06235-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: EC Increased Angiogenesis via M2 Macrophages-Mediated Cytokines Release. A Comparative analysis of GSVA scores for angiogenesis in two groups of ECs, distinguished by their levels of M2 TAM infiltration. B , C Representative microscopic images (Magnification: 100 ×) showcase tube formation in control, lac-M2, Isk-M2, and HEC-M groups (Magnification: 100 ×) ( B ) and M2 macrophages significantly stimulate the formation of more capillary-like tubes (P < 0.05) ( C ). D Cytokine profile in M0, Lac-M2, and TAM-M2 conditions. E Validation of mRNA expression level of the above six cytokines of three groups. F The CCK8 assay demonstrates that GSK2837808A, an LDHA inhibitor, significantly impedes the proliferation of ECs. GSVA: gene set variation analysis; EC: endometrial cancer; TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages. *P < 0.05

Article Snippet: The THP1 cell line was transfected with lentivirus to achieve IL6 knockdown, following the manufacturer's protocol, and stable knockdown cells were selected using puromycin.For M0 macrophage differentiation induction, THP-1 cells at a density of 1*10 6 cells/ml were seeded in 6-well plates stimulated with 100 ng/ml PMA (MCE, #16561-29-8) for 48 h, and then washed with PBS three times after discarding the original culture medium.

Techniques: Control, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay